Preventive and social medicine MCQs for AIPGMEE, MCCEE, FMGE, JIPMER

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1. Intervention that is directed to arrest disease progress and prevent complications is:                

A )     Primordial prevention

B)      Primary prevention

C)      Secondary prevention

D)     Tertiary prevention

2. Screening mammography is an example of:

A)     Primordial prevention

B)      Primary prevention

C)      Secondary prevention

D)     Tertiary prevention

3. Which is the most cost effective intervention of disease prevention?                                                

A)     Environmental modification

B)      Nutritional intervention

C)      Vaccination

D)     Health education

4. Improving sanitation in a village is:                                      

A)     Primary prevention

B)      Primordial prevention

C)      Secondary prevention

D)     Not a preventive measure

5. Following is an example of a person’s handicap.                                                                                          

A)     Accidental injury to right upper limb.

B)      Inability to write due to the injury

C)      Permanent deformity caused by the injury

D)     Inability to find a job because of disability

6. An epidemic is defined as occurrence of a disease more than:                                                                             

A)     Is normally expected at the same time and place.

B)      Its occurrence in similar geographical areas

C)      The international occurrence rate

D)      The national occurrence rate

7. 200 persons developed gastroenteritis after consuming food at a party. Affected individuals developed symptoms within 6-8hours after intake of food, and recovery from the symptoms was observed within 24 hours of treatment. This description matches:                                                     

A)     Point source (single exposure) epidemic

B)      Multiple exposure epidemic

C)      Slow epidemic

D)     Propagated epidemic

8. What is not true about case control studies?

A)     The disease under study has happened before the onset of study

B)      The study is retrospective in nature

C)      The study can be used to determine incidence of a disease

D)     It is suitable to investigate risk factors of chronic diseases

9. Advantages of case control studies are all, EXCEPT:

A)     Compared to cohort studies they are rapid and inexpensive

B)      Require comparatively few subjects

C)      Risk factors of chronic diseases can be identified

D)     Suitable for evaluation of therapy

10. Lung cancer occurred in 50 people among 5000 smokers and 2 persons out of 2000 non-smokers. The relative risk of developing carcinoma lung in smokers is:

A)     5/2

B)      10

C)      100

D)     5

Answers and Discussion:

Ans: 1- C

Primordial prevention is to modify environment or economic and social or cultural factors to minimize factors negatively affecting health. Improving sanitation and promoting healthy lifestyle in children are examples of primordial prevention. Primary prevention is to reduce risk of specific disease by intervention to prevent its onset. Vaccination and smoking cessation are primary prevention. 

Secondary prevention deals with early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Hence, an intervention that arrests disease progress and prevents complications is secondary prevention. Tertiary prevention includes interventions undertaken after treatment of a disease, to improve function and longevity. Rehabilitation is tertiary prevention.

Ans: 2- C

Screening mammography is used for early diagnosis of breast cancer, hence it is secondary prevention.

Ans: 3- D

Health education can be imparted by variety of inexpensive measures such as mass media and education in schools. Environmental modification, nutritional intervention and vaccination require ample resources and efforts.

Ans: 4- B

Improvement of sanitation improves general wellbeing of the population and is likely to prevent several diseases. Hence it is an example of primordial prevention.

Ans: 5-D

Inability to write due to injury is impairment. Permanent deformity is a disability. Inability to find a job due to disability is handicap.

Ans: 6-A

Ans: 7- A

When the exposure occurs from a single source at one particular time and all the affected individuals develop symptoms within one incubation period, the epidemic is known as single source epidemic.

Ans: 8- C 

Case control study is a retrospective study where both the exposure and the disease have occurred before the study. To study association between thiazide diuretic and new onset diabetes, people with diabetes and matched non-diabetic control are selected and their exposure to thiazide is plotted on 2x2 table. It is possible to calculate relative risk, attributable risk, and odds ratio; but it is not possible to know incidence of a disease because of the study design.

Ans: 9-D

Case control studies have no attrition or case dropout, since it is a retrospective study. It requires relatively few subjects and information about single risk factor can be easily obtained. It is not suitable for evaluation of a therapy, as evaluation of a therapy requires prospective study.

Ans: 10- B

Relative risk = Incidence of disease among exposed / Incidence of disease among non- exposed

                        = 50 per 5000 / 20 per 2000 = 10 per 1000 / 1 per 1000 =10